Ousmane Sembene's cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ousmane Sembene's cinema - Essay Example In films such as Ceddo and Xala he pointed an irate, often ironic finger at the failures and extremes of contemporary African governments. (Scott, 2007) ''''''Sembene believed that most of the African post-colonial states had failed to meet the expectations that their populace initially related with autonomy from colonial rule. For many African people the official end of colonial rule did not generate an end to social injustice and radical economic imbalance. Sembene's work was dominated by a desire to spell out what he thought was going wrong with his society. He made a critical examination of post-colonial African society neither beautifying nor discrediting them, but simply depicting a reality in which the intercession of the critic comes as an effort to objectively consider problems that are of critical import to contemporary African nations. In a dialogue with Francoise Pfaff (1984), Sembene said that "I have never tried to please my audience through the embellishment of reality . I am a participant and an observer of my society" ''''''Cinema has been divided into three groups commonly known as first, second and third cinema. This terminology was established at the Bandung Conference of 1955(the first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement). China promulgated the premise of the three distinctive economic worlds. The first world inclusive of the superior capitalist countries like Western Europe, North America and Australasia; the second world comprising of the prior socialist countries of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The left over countries were accordingly the third world, to which China confirmed its commitment. (Chanan, 1997)' ''''''First Cinema refers the form recognized as the Hollywood movie, where cinema is pure entertainment. The primary aim of first cinema is to maximize profits. All types of films appear under this classification; feature, short and educational films, even scientific documentary is inclined to the aspirations capitalism. Second Cinema is also known as parallel cinema. Parallel cinema has its own structure, pattern of distribution and exhibition, and its own ideology. Nowadays parallel cinema is made by and for limited social groups. It articulates the desires and ideology of the middle layers or the petty bourgeoisie and as a result is often radical but pessimist and at times mystical. Similar to first cinema all types of films may be found in this group. Third cinema ''''''There is a deliberate imprecision in the term 'Third Cinema' which requires clarification. The term 'Third Cinema' is derived from the correlation with the term 'third world'. The third world consists of the underdeveloped nations of Asia, Africa and South America. In the developing countries, third cinema is concerned with the problems of de-colonisation, propagates national liberation. Third cinema tries to debunk old myths, eradicate racism and dissolve economic hierarchies. ''''''Originally typical third cinema included radical political views that were usually hostile to the regime and signification of the concerned images. Militant cinema in which the camera is often equated to the gun was also a form of third cinema. Militant cinema required the film crew to operate with a drastic and original notion not

What Business Is Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Business Is Zara - Essay Example The essay "What Business Is Zara" investigates Zara business model. GAP introduces new line clothing not regularly but approximate once in a year. This is during periods when its sales are high. Sales are high about thirteen weeks a year during the back to school/ work and holiday periods. GAP, Inc does not manufacture its clothes: it is a retailer company sourcing its clothes from various factories. GAP makes its money majorly through sales and partly through return on assets and debt. Its financial performance is given by financial ratios which include; return on sales, leverage ratio, solvency ratio and liquidity ratios. Zara business model is unique and distinct from others because it has taken control of its supply chain independently. It understands the market and its demands. Use of technology; technology has enabled Zara to communicate directly with its production centers and designers. It has also facilitated direct placement of ordr4s by store managers basing on the demands of that region. Understanding customers demand. Zara produces new collections every three weeks and this is done after analysis of the design in most demand by customers through the store managers. Use of personal digital assistance. Store managers use PDAs to place orders as requested by customers. This has facilitated time delivery as it has allowed a customer to even get the product within two days. Being customer based. Zara send group of commercials to different countries in which its stores are located to observe the style.